Ranking in tourism and hospitality: approaches of classifications and impact

Abstract

The article examines rating systems in the field of tourism and hospitality, their classification, methods of formation and impact on the industry. An analysis of official, commercial and user ratings is conducted, including star classification systems for hotels, expert assessments as Forbes, Michelin and online ratings on digital platforms as TripAdvisor, Booking.com, Google Reviews. Both international and national rating systems were considered, with special attention paid to city tourism indices reflecting the attractiveness of destinations. The main ranking algorithms are described, including expert, statistical and hybrid models. The article also touches upon the impact of ratings on consumer behavior, business strategy and public policy in the field of tourism. The problems of existing systems are highlighted: manipulation of reviews, subjectivity of assessments and opacity of algorithms. In conclusion, the prospects for the development of ratings are considered taking into account new technologies, such as artificial intelligence, blockchain and personalized recommendations.