Geoecological analysis and evaluation of mineral waters in the Alakol basin in the context of recreational and health tourism

Abstract

The article presents a geo-ecological assessment of mineral waters in the Makachinsky district and examines factors influencing their quality and spatial distribution. The study aims to identify patterns of mineral resource formation and assess their environmental stability, with a focus on the region’s recreational and tourism potential. The research is based on hydrogeochemical analysis, GIS technologies, and geo-ecological zoning methods. Field surveys and laboratory analyses of water samples were carried out, followed by cartographic data visualization. Key hydrogeochemical characteristics of mineral springs in the Alakol Depression were identified, including mineralisation level, acidity, and ionic and biochemical composition, enabling evaluation of their therapeutic value and suitability for tourism use. The study identifies natural territorial complexes with varying environmental resilience and recreational attractiveness, providing a basis for prioritising sites for sanatorium, resort, tourist, and hotel infrastructure. High-quality mineral waters and low anthropogenic pressure create favourable conditions for developing balneological, medical, wellness, and eco-tourism. The results can be applied to managing recreational load and monitoring mineral waters under tourist development, enabling the formation of sustainable tourist products, rational resource use, and improved hospitality services in the region.