Sustainable development models in the hospitality industry and their adaptation potential for the Zhetysu region

Abstract

This research examines how sustainable development concepts can be included in Zhetysu's hospitality sector by adapting global ESG systems for local tourism. The study reviews 37 articles, selecting 19 that meet specific criteria. It compares three established sustainability systems – Green Key, CARE, and SMART Hospitality – to assess their relevance for emerging tourist destinations. An analysis of 2021–2025 data reveals challenges in Zhetysu's hospitality industry, such as seasonal fluctuations, poor infrastructure, and limited use of environmental management practices. The conclusions add to academic conversations by adapting global sustainability tools for a Central Asian context and offer advice for policymakers, hospitality businesses, and local communities. Future studies should focus on empirical analysis.