Physical education and sport as tools for restoring adolescents’ psycho-emotional health and preventing suicidal behavior: a theoretical review

Abstract

Physical education and sports are considered important tools for restoring adolescents’ psycho-emotional health and preventing suicidal behavior. This article presents a theoretical review of the impact of physical activity on the mental well-being of young people, examining the neurobiological mechanisms through which physical exercise influences levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Key neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and endorphins – known to play crucial roles in improving emotional states – are discussed in detail. The article explores modern preventive programs that incorporate sports activities, along with international experiences in this field. Mechanisms for integrating sports into mental health prevention strategies and fostering a healthy social environment among adolescents are analyzed. Despite the proven positive effects of physical activity on reducing stress, anxiety, and depression, there is a lack of targeted research and programs in the Republic of Kazakhstan that utilize sports as a preventive tool. The aim of this study is to analyze the role of physical activity in strengthening adolescents’ psycho-emotional health and preventing suicidal behavior, as well as to develop practical recommendations for its integration into prevention programs. The study is interdisciplinary in nature, drawing on current findings from psychology, medicine, and physical education, which enhances both its theoretical and practical significance.