The impact of geopolitical instability on the development of tourism in Kazakhstan in 1991-2022: short review

Authors

  • Svetlana Minikhanova Kazakh Academy of Sport and Tourism
  • Diana Madiyarova Kazakh Academy of Sport and Tourism
  • Aigul Ageleuova Kazakh Academy of Sport and Tourism
  • Elena Vinokurova Kazakh Academy of Sport and Tourism

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59649/2959-5185-2023-3-16-26

Keywords:

tourism industry, inbound tourism, outbound tourism, domestic tourism, geopolitical influence, crisis

Abstract

The authors of the article, analyzing the geopolitical factors of the last three decades that affected the economic development of Kazakhstan, identify six key turning points in history that had a significant impact on the development of the economy in general and the tourism sector in particular. The study proves the direct dependence of the dynamics of economic development indicators on geopolitical changes and crises. The importance of state support for the tourism sector is noted, manifested in the development and adoption of various measures, including the implementation of road maps, development concepts, etc. Such assistance from government agencies makes it possible to create mechanisms for the survival of small and medium-sized businesses in the new conditions. An important aspect of the state of the modern industry is digitalization and reorientation towards the domestic market and the development of domestic tourism.

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Published

2023-12-27

How to Cite

Миниханова, С., Мадиярова, Д., Агелеуова, А., & Винокурова, Е. (2023). The impact of geopolitical instability on the development of tourism in Kazakhstan in 1991-2022: short review. Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality, 3(3), 16–26. https://doi.org/10.59649/2959-5185-2023-3-16-26

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 3 (2023): Tourism, leisure and hospitality

Section

Economics, planning and organizing of tourism and hospitality industry